The problems that arise during animal feeding should be resolved through nutritional regulation as much as possible according to the specific situation, so as to achieve healthy and high yield, and should not be extremely dependent on pharmaceutical means. From January 1, 2020, China will fully ban feed antibiotics. At this time, many scholars have turned their attention to Chinese herbal medicine additives, and Eucommia is one of the ideal "replacement antibiotics" products.

1. Application of Eucommia in Pig Production

Adding Eucommia ulmoides to pig diet can significantly improve its growth performance, which may reduce the diarrhea rate of pigs by regulating the intestinal flora, protecting intestinal integrity and improving the body's immunity. Eucommia can also improve pork quality and pork flavor. Experiments by Li Wantao and others have shown that adding 0.3% Eucommia extract to the diet can increase the average daily gain of fattening pigs, pork marbling score, drip loss and intramuscular fat content. Li Chenyan et al., Li Wangdong et al. added 1 500 mg/kg Eucommia leaf extract to the diet of Ningxiang pigs, which effectively increased the average daily gain, slaughter rate, and intramuscular fat of Ningxiang pigs, and reduced feed intake and feed consumption. Weight gain ratio, the content of linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle, and then improve the quality of Ningxiang pork. Duan Mingfang et al. found that adding fermented eucommia leaf powder to the diet of growing and finishing pigs can significantly increase their average daily gain and slaughter rate, significantly reduce the weight gain ratio of feed consumption, and improve the quality and flavor of pork. Shi Hairen and others found that adding 4% Eucommia leaves to the diet can reduce the diarrhea rate of fattening pigs, improve the growth performance of fattening pigs, improve their carcass traits and meat quality, and have a certain regulatory effect on intestinal flora. In addition, Zhang Yang found that adding 1 000 mg/kg of Eucommia ulmoides extract rich in chlorogenic acid to boar diet could improve the growth performance, meat quality and meat oxidative state of boars under oxidative stress. Chlorogenic acid is one of the main active components of Eucommia ulmoides. The research in piglet production is shown in Table 1. The suitable dosage is 1 000 mg/kg, which shows that eucommia ulmoides can improve the growth performance of pigs, improve the quality of pork, and reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets, etc. Aspects have great potential.

Table 1 Application of Chlorogenic Acid in Piglet Production

2. Application of Eucommia in Chicken Production
Adding Eucommia ulmoides to chicken diet can improve chicken intestinal morphology, meat color and tenderness, etc., thereby improving its production performance and slaughter performance. Adding 300 mg/kg Eucommia extract to the diet of yellow-feathered broilers can effectively improve their growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function. Huang Lin et al. found that dietary supplementation with Eucommia extract can effectively improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers, and improve the intestinal morphology of broiler duodenum. Experiments by Duan Junhong and others have shown that adding 1% eucommia powder to the diet can increase the average daily gain, the brightness and yellowness of the meat color of black-bone hybrid chickens, and significantly reduce the ratio of feed to weight gain, cooking loss and drip loss of chicken. Zhao et al. found that adding 1 000 mg/kg of eucommia extract rich in chlorogenic acid to the diet could increase the average daily gain of broilers, the pH of heat-stressed broilers, the feed conversion rate of broilers, drip loss, and cooking loss. , lightness, malondialdehyde, carbonyl content, stearic acid and saturated fatty acid content in breast meat all decreased, and also alleviated the adverse effects of heat stress on broiler growth performance and meat quality, and improved the performance of broiler chickens under heat stress. oxidative stability and fatty acid composition. Huang Tao et al. also found similarly that Eucommia chlorogenic acid in broiler diets can improve their production performance, muscle tenderness and meat color, etc., the weight gain ratio of feed consumption is significantly reduced, muscle tenderness is significantly improved, and shear force is also reduced. These results indicated that the addition of Eucommia ulmoides in chicken rations has high application value, how to improve the utilization efficiency of eucommia in chicken production and the optimal addition amount need further research and discussion.

3. Application of Eucommia and its Extracts in Cattle Production
Adding Eucommia ulmoides and its extracts to cattle diets can not only improve rumen function and production performance, but also improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows and treat cow mastitis and endometritis. Studies by Yan Xinru and others have shown that adding 3% Eucommia leaves to yak diets with a fine-to-grain ratio of 50:50 can significantly increase the degradation rate of yaks to ration dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and significantly reduce The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen can significantly increase the protein concentration of rumen microorganisms, thereby regulating the internal environment of the rumen and promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Kong Tao[35] showed that feeding basal rations containing 40 g/d Eucommia extract to dairy cows suffering from weakly positive recessive mastitis can significantly increase the average daily milk production of dairy cows, but the daily feed intake, milk fat The rate and lactose rate had no significant effect, but the number of somatic cells at 60 d and 90 d was significantly reduced, and the milk protein rate was significantly increased, thereby improving the production performance of dairy cows and reducing the economic loss caused by mastitis in dairy cows. Yao Lu et al administered 20 g/d Eucommia extract to cows suffering from subclinical mastitis, and found that on the 12th day, it could significantly increase the milk fat rate and lactose rate of cows, and relieve inflammation. In addition to improving the performance decline caused by cow mastitis, Eucommia can also treat endometritis. He Xianjing et al infused Eucommia emulsion 15 m L/(time d) into the uterus of dairy cows suffering from endometritis, and found that the cure rate of cow endometritis was 87.5%, which could significantly reduce the number of red blood cells and white blood cells in the blood of cows, Significantly reduce the number of neutrophils in the blood of dairy cows, and significantly increase the content of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the blood, indicating that Eucommia can relieve the inflammatory damage of endometritis, improve the body's immunity, and thus treat the endometrium of cows inflammation.

4. Application of Eucommia and its Extracts in Sheep Production
Eucommia plays a similar role to cattle in sheep production. Yang Gaiqing and others have found that adding 10% Eucommia leaves to the diet of Hu sheep can significantly increase the final weight, daily gain and daily feed intake of Hu sheep, significantly increase the pre-mortem live weight and carcass net meat rate, and significantly reduce the slaughter rate. , significantly increased the digestibility and deposition rate of energy and nitrogen, indicating that Eucommia can promote the absorption of nutrients and improve carcass quality. In addition, Eucommia leaves can also improve meat quality by regulating the expression of genes related to fat synthesis and decomposition. . Studies by Yang Gaiqing and others have shown that adding 20% Eucommia leaves to the diet of Hu sheep can significantly increase the content of plasma very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and non-esterified fatty acids, significantly increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in muscles, and significantly increase the content of meat. mRNA expression levels of muscarinic palmitoyltransferase 1A and lipoprotein esterase, significantly reduced stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, nuclear transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ mRNA expression level.

5. Application of Eucommia in Aquatic Production
Some Japanese scholars pointed out that adding a certain amount of eucommia leaf powder to the feed can promote the metabolism of eels, improve the meat quality of eels and increase their survival rate. Luo Qinghua's research shows that adding eucommia leaf powder to carp feed in an appropriate proportion can not only increase the antibody concentration in the blood, but also increase the activity of immune white blood cells. The main manifestation is that after the carp infected with the virus is fed with eucommia leaf powder feed, the feed intake increases , faster growth and improved survival.
Studies by Meng Xiaolin and others have shown that adding 0.15% and 4.00% of Eucommia extract to the feed of juvenile grass carp can increase their growth rate; while for adult fish, the addition of 4.00% of Eucommia can reach a significant level. This is mainly because Eucommia significantly increases the protein content and reduces the fat content in the muscle biochemical components of adult grass carp. Zhang Yongkang et al. used ulmoides ulmoides nut meal powder as a feed additive to study disease prevention and fattening of hairy crabs. The results showed that the survival rate of the experimental group was increased by an average of 10.4% compared with the control group, and the growth rate was increased by 6%. The disease resistance, meat quality and The freshness and so on are significantly improved.

šaltinis:
1 Zhang Yunlu, Xie Kaiheng, Xie Qian, Zhang Haihan, Song Zehe, Liu Zikui, Research progress on the biological functions of Eucommia Hexie and its application in animal production [J] China Livestock Impurities.
2 Active ingredients of Xu Nannan Eucommia and its application in livestock and poultry production and disease control [J] Feed Research 2021 (04).
3 Dai Shixian, Kang Ping, and Eucommia ulmoides as feed additive research progress [J] Agricultural Disaster Research 2020 (02).